Gas Prices Edge Up on Strong LNG Demand, Waha Prices Fall Below Zero Again
(Reuters) — U.S. natural gas futures edged up about 1% on Wednesday on record gas flows to liquefied natural gas export plants and raised demand forecasts for the next two weeks, with price gains capped by record output and forecasts for mild weather through mid-April.
On its second to last day as the front-month, gas futures for April delivery on the New York Mercantile Exchange rose 2.1 cents, or 0.5%, to settle at $3.861 per million British thermal units (MMBtu). On Tuesday, the contract closed at its lowest since February 28 for a second day in a row.
Futures for May, which will soon be the front-month, were trading down about 1% at around $3.86 per MMBtu.
Despite forecasts for more demand, traders noted that mild weather should allow utilities to keep adding fuel to storage.
Some analysts said gas stockpiles were on track to increase in March for the first time since 2012 and only the second time in history.
Gas stockpiles remained about 7% below normal levels for this time of year after extremely cold weather in January and February forced energy firms to pull large amounts of gas out of storage, including record amounts in January.
In the spot market, gas prices at the Waha Hub in the Permian shale in West Texas turned negative for the second time this month due to pipeline maintenance that trapped gas associated with oil production in the basin.
With Permian oil production hitting record highs every year since at least 2016, according to data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration and the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, energy firms have had a hard time building gas pipes fast enough to keep up with soaring associated gas output. Permian gas production has also hit record highs every year since at least 2018.
Pipeline constraints have caused next-day Waha prices to turn negative a record 49 times in 2024. Waha prices averaged below zero 17 times in 2019, six times in 2020 and once in 2023.
Supply and Demand
Financial firm LSEG said average gas output in the Lower 48 U.S. states rose to 106.0 billion cubic feet per day so far in March, up from a record 105.1 Bcf/d in February.
Meteorologists projected temperatures in the Lower 48 states would remain mostly warmer than normal through April 10.
With seasonally milder weather coming, LSEG forecast average gas demand in the Lower 48, including exports, will slide from 108.3 Bcf/d this week to 104.1 Bcf/d next week. Those forecasts were higher than LSEG's outlook on Tuesday.
Gas flowing to the eight big operating U.S. LNG export plants rose to an average of 15.8 Bcf/d so far in March from a record 15.6 Bcf/d in February as new units at Venture Global's 3.2-Bcf/d Plaquemines LNG plant under construction in Louisiana entered service and the return of Freeport LNG in Texas from a one-day outage.
The U.S. became the world's biggest LNG supplier in 2023, surpassing Australia and Qatar, as surging global prices fed demand for more exports due in part to supply disruptions and sanctions linked to Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine.
Gas traded around $13 per MMBtu at both the Dutch Title Transfer Facility benchmark in Europe and the Japan Korea Marker (JKM) benchmark in Asia.
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