June 2020, Vol. 247, No. 6
Features
COVID-19 Mitigation Results in Lowest US Petroleum Consumption in Decades
By U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
U.S. consumption of petroleum products has fallen to its lowest level in decades because of measures that limit travel and the general economic slowdown induced by mitigation efforts for coronavirus (COVID-19).
The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates the decline in petroleum product demand by examining the changes in total product supplied, EIA’s proxy for consumption.
As outlined in EIA’s Weekly Petroleum Status Report (WPSR), total petroleum demand averaged 14.1 MMbpd in the week ending April 17, up slightly from 13.8 MMbpd in the previous week – the lowest level in EIA’s weekly data series, which dates back to the early 1990s.
The most recent value is 31% lower than the 2020 average from January through March 13, or before many of the travel restrictions began.
In the week ending April 3, total U.S. product supplied of petroleum products fell by 3.4 MMbpd, the largest weekly decline in EIA’s data series. Changes in the weeks since then (weeks ending April 10 and April 17) have been more muted, suggesting that consumption is stabilizing.
Total petroleum demand measured as product supplied consists mostly of motor gasoline (45% of the 2019 total), distillate fuel oil (20%), jet fuel (9%) and chemical feedstocks and other fuels (26%).
EIA uses estimates of product supplied from the WPSR as a proxy for consumption because WPSR reports the amount of petroleum products that leaves the primary supply chain for ultimate delivery to consumers.
The timing of changes in product supplied might not align with end-use consumption patterns because of variations in the timing of when respondents (such as refineries, importers and bulk terminals) report movements of products within the primary supply chain.
Motor gasoline consumption has declined the most in absolute terms. Before many businesses were shut down and stay-at-home orders were issued, motor gasoline product supplied averaged 8.9 MMbpd, based on 2020 data through March 13. Since then, motor gasoline product supplied has fallen 40% to 5.3 MMbpd as of the week ending April 17.
This decrease in motor gasoline product supplied accounts for 54% of the total change in product supplied. U.S. consumption of jet fuel experienced the largest drop in relative terms, declining 62% from a pre-shutdown average of 1.6 MMbpd to just 612,000 bpd on April 17.
The decline in distillate fuel oil consumption so far has been less severe than the changes in motor gasoline and jet fuel. Through March 13, distillate product supplied averaged 3.9 MMbpd in 2020. By the week ending April 17, distillate product supplied was 20% lower, at 3.1 MMbpd.
Distillate fuel oil is primarily consumed as diesel fuel, the predominant fuel of the trucking, locomotive and agricultural sectors. Continued demand for distribution of necessities such as food and medical supplies and increased home deliveries for goods likely contributed to relatively stable demand for distillate fuel in the initial weeks following the shutdown.
Principal contributor: Jesse Barnett
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