August 2021, Vol. 248, No. 8
Features
EIA Reports: Gulf of Mexico Projects, Production to Grow in 2022
The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) forecasts that U.S. crude oil production in the U.S. Federal Gulf of Mexico (GOM) will increase in the next two years, according to the latest Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO). By the end of 2022, 13 new projects could account for about 12% of total GOM crude oil production, or about 200,000 bpd.
GOM accounts for 15% to 16% of U.S. crude oil production. In 2020, GOM crude oil production averaged 1.65 MMbpd. Production is forecast to exceed 2020 levels, reaching 1.71 MMbpd in 2021 and 1.75 MMbpd in 2022. Since 2000, the highest crude oil production year was 2019, at 1.9 MMbpd.
Large offshore projects take several years to develop. Four of the new projects likely will begin production in 2021, with nine more in 2022. Crude oil production is subject to geologic conditions, economics and project timelines. The future oil markets still remain uncertain, so future projects’ timelines may change accordingly.
Hurricanes are a critical element in the GOM forecast. The Atlantic hurricane season is typically from June 1 to Nov. 30. Although eight new projects started crude oil production in 2020, annual production was lower than 2019 levels because of pandemic-related shut-ins and the most active Atlantic hurricane season on record. Hurricane Delta shut in 1.6 million barrels of oil production over two days in October, the highest peak shut-in of the hurricane season.
However, the combined effects of Tropical Storm Marco, followed quickly by Hurricane Laura, led to 15 days of shut-ins, which more than doubled the total shut-in production from Hurricane Delta and resulted in the most shut-ins since 2008.
Colorado State University’s Seasonal Hurricane Forecasting forecasts that the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season will be above average, compared with the 40-year average. The university estimates eight hurricanes and 17 named storms. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration will release its Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlook for 2021 in May.
A hurricane’s actual impact on the GOM oil and natural gas industry is challenging to determine because the hurricane path has a significant effect on the size of the impact. Hurricane paths cannot be determined until the weather pattern is established, which happens days before the hurricane hits.
To forecast hurricane outages in STEO, EIA uses historical data to determine an average percentage of outages for the Atlantic hurricane season. Historically, most GOM shut-ins occur in October. In 2020, hurricane-related disruptions started earlier than normal with Tropical Storm Marco and Hurricane Laura in August.
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