PHMSA: Pipe Corrosion Led to Santa Barbara Oil Spill

The spill occurred after pumps on the Plains All American Pipeline were shut down and restarted, sending a larger volume of oil surging through the 2-foot-wide pipe at higher pressure, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration  (PHMSA) said in preliminary findings. After the leak occurred, however, and plunging pressure in the pipeline triggered an alarm, it wasn’t shut down for more than 30 minutes.

Plains wouldn’t comment on Wednesday’s report because of ongoing investigations of the spill, a spokeswoman said. Local, state and federal prosecutors are probing the spill and regulators could issue fines against the Texas-based company.

Reports of corrosion of the underground pipe and pump problems were previously disclosed, but regulators hadn’t labeled corrosion as the root cause of the leak, pinpointed the precise moment the pipe failed or provided a timeline of how long it took to shut down the pipe.

The spill two weeks before the popular Memorial Day weekend forced the state to close popular beaches as the oil fouled a pristine stretch of coastline and an oil sheen spread over miles of the Pacific Ocean. More than 300 dead animals, including pelicans and sea lions, were recovered after the spill that sent tar balls drifting more than 100 miles away to Los Angeles beaches.

The report said the leak in Line 901 happened after a pump unintentionally shut down at the pumping station on nearby Line 903 while a technician was removing a non-working pump.

Pressure increased in Line 901 and its pump was stopped remotely from the company’s control room in Midland, TX.

The leak happened just before 11 a.m., about two-to-three minutes after the pump was restarted. Pressure jumped to 721 psi — from the 677 psi it had been operating at before the shutdown.

About two minutes later, pressure dropped below 200 psi and a low-pressure alarm was triggered in the control room. An oil company that wanted to pump oil through the pipeline reported to the controller that there wasn’t enough pressure in pipeline to deliver its product.

The pump on Line 903 exceeded a high temperature limit and then shutdown. The controller tried to restart it several times, but didn’t shut off the pump on Line 901 until about 11:30 a.m.

A pipeline leak monitoring system had been turned off at the control center, the report said, though it noted that was still under investigation.

Richard Kuprewicz, a pipeline safety expert, said there could be a good reason for it being off, but it’s potentially significant.

“‘Turned off’ is the magic word,” Kuprewicz said. “Why this was turned off would be a valid question.”

The agency said it would provide more details when it issues a final report this spring.

Kuprewicz said it struck him that the pipe failed when it was only pumping at about 50% of its maximum operating pressure. That indicated to him that there were problems on the pipeline.

A chart in the report showed corrosion anomalies grew and intensified between surveys in 2007, 2012 and the last tests just weeks before the leak.

Robert Bea, an engineering professor at University of California, Berkeley, questioned how Plains could operate in a sensitive environmental area — through scenic hills and near the beautiful coast — with “severely corroded” pipeline.

“I think the answer to this question will show that the root causes of this accident are firmly rooted in organizational malfunctions that resulted in underestimates of the likelihoods and consequences of a breach in Line 901,” Bea wrote in an email.

The report also noted that the spill, originally estimated at up to 100,000 gallons, had dumped 142,800 gallons.

Written by Brian Melley, Associated Press